Full Contents

• Executive Summary
• Acknowledgments
• Glossary
• Abbreviations
• 1. Introduction
  • Terms of Reference
    • Aim
    • Objectives
      • Objective 1: Acquire a contextual overview of waste management issues in general and specifically for Christchurch City.
      • Objective 2: Identify the components of `total cost' of the Christchurch City Council Draft Waste Management Plan for Solid and Hazardous Waste - 1998.
      • Objective 3: Identify which components of total cost can be measured and how they may be measured.
      • Objective 4: Analyse the potential for measuring component parts of total cost in common units, including money.
      • Objective 5: Recommend how the Christchurch City Council should assess total costs of its waste management.
    • Structure of Report
  • Potential Applications for Total Cost Assessment
  • Theoretical Framework
  • Methodology
  • Approach to Study
    • Research Process
    • Methods
    • Scope of Study
    • Limitations
    • Assumptions
• 2. Christchurch Waste Management In Context
  • Roles in Waste Management
    • International Organisations
    • National Organisations
    • Local Organisations
  • Waste Policy Framework
    • International Research Publications Agreements and Reviews
    • Waste Management, National Reform and the Policy Process
    • Ministry for the Environment
    • Office of the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment
    • Resource Management Act 1991
    • Treaty of Waitangi
    • Local Government Act 1974 and Amendments
  • Themes and Trends in Waste Policy
    • OECD Environmental Performance Review and Priorities in Waste Management
    • Subsidiarity and the Waste Hierarchy
    • Integration in Waste Management
    • A Market-Based Approach to Waste Management
    • Better Information and Targets in Waste Management
    • Consultation and Accountability in Waste Management
    • Maori Issues in Waste Management
  • Christchurch and Waste Management
    • Natural Environment
    • Social Environment
    • Issues for Christchurch Waste Management
    • Waste Management Responses
    • Future Planning
  • Discussion of Terminology Used
  • Conclusion
• 3. Issues Affecting A Framework For Total Cost Assessment
  • The Nature of Effects
    • Implications for a Total Cost Framework
  • Tangata Whenua Issues
    • Implications for a Total Cost Framework
  • Public and Private Service Provision
    • Implications for a Total Cost Framework
  • The Generator Pays Principle
    • Implications for a Total Cost Framework
  • Measuring Total Cost in Common Units
    • The Advantages of Using Common Units
    • The Feasibility of Using Common Units
    • The Appropriateness of Using Common Units
    • The Efficiency of Using Common Units
    • Implications for Total Cost Framework
  • Transboundary Issues
    • Import and Export of Waste
    • New Zealand - National Context
    • New Zealand - Regional Context
    • Implications for a Total Cost Framework
  • Coordination of Total Cost Assessment
    • Implementation Needs of the RMA
    • Advantages and Disadvantages of Coordination
      • Disadvantages of Coordination
      • Advantages of Coordination
    • Implications for a Total Cost Framework
  • Future Costs and Benefits
    • Future Costs and Benefits which are Certain
    • Future Costs and Benefits which are Uncertain
    • Implications for a Total Cost Framework
  • Conclusion
• 4. A Framework For Total Cost Assessment
  • Criteria for a Total Cost Assessment Framework
  • Potential Approaches and Tools for Total Cost Assessment
    • Implications for Total Cost Assessment
  • Establishing a Framework for Total Cost Assessment
  • The Steps of the Framework for Total Cost Assessment
    • Identifying Waste Management Programmes
      • Defining Programme Boundaries
        • Scale
        • Temporal
        • Operational
        • Policy Consideration and Programme Classification and Issues
    • Identifying Activities and Sub-Activities of Each Programme
    • Identifying the Characteristics of the Environment
      • Biophysical
      • Social
      • Economic
    • Identifying Potential Effects of Specific Activities
    • Measuring the Magnitude of Effects
      • Using Present Monitoring Information
    • Calculating Costs and Benefits
    • Compiling the Total Cost Table
    • Reporting Total Cost of Waste Management
    • Performance Evaluation
  • Framework Evaluation
    • Evaluation in Relation to Specified Criteria
    • Limitations of the Framework
  • Summary
• 5. Synthesis
  • Options for Implementation of Total Cost Assessment
  • Conclusion
  • Recommendations for Implementation
    • Coordination
    • Strategic Implementation
    • Future Costs and Benefits
    • Reporting
  • Recommendations for Applying the Framework
  • Recommendations for Future Research
  • Recommended Priority Actions for CCC
• References
• Appendices
• Appendix 1: Authors' Backgrounds.
• Appendix 2: Approaches and Tools for Cost Assessment
• Appendix 3: The Research Process
• Appendix 4: Summary of OECD Review.
• Appendix 5: Summary of the Draft Waste Management Plan
• Appendix 6: Categorisation Guide for Characteristics of the Environment
• Appendix 7: Diagrammatic representation showing the links between goals of the Environment 2010 Strategy, proposed Environmental Performance Indicators and broad categories used in the framework for total cost assessment in table 1 (p.69).
• Appendix 8: Resource Management Act 1991. Fourth Schedule (s 88(6)(b))